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Nginx的DNS解析过程分析

Nginx怎么做域名解析？怎么在你自己开发的模块里面使用Nginx提供的方法解析域名？它内部实现是什么样的？

本文以Nginx 1.5.1为例，从nginx_mail_smtp模块如何进行域名解析出发，分析Nginx进行域名解析的过程。为了简化流程，突出重点，在示例代码中省掉了一些异常部分的处理，比如内存分配失败等。DNS查询分为两种：根据域名查询地址和根据地址查询域名，在代码结构上这两种方式非常相似，这里只介绍根据域名查询地址这一种方式。本文将从以下几个方面进行介绍：

域名查询的函数接口介绍
域名解析流程分析
查询场景分析及实现介绍

一、域名查询的函数接口介绍

在使用同步IO的情况下，调用gethostbyname()或者gethostbyname_r()就可以根据域名查询到对应的IP地址, 但因为可能会通过网络进行远程查询，所以需要的时间比较长。

为了不阻塞当前线程，Nginx采用了异步的方式进行域名查询。整个查询过程主要分为三个步骤， Continue reading “Nginx的DNS解析过程分析”

Notes for playing with ptrace on 64 bits Ubuntu 12.10

This blog is the notes during I learning the “Playing with ptrace”(http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6100).

The original examples was using 32 bits machine, which doesn’t work on my 64 bits Ubuntu 12.10.

Let’s start from the first ptrace example:

#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/user.h>   /* For constants
                                   ORIG_EAX etc */
int main()
{   pid_t child;
    long orig_eax;
    child = fork();
    if(child == 0) {
        ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, NULL, NULL);
        execl("/bin/ls", "ls", NULL);
    }
    else {
        wait(NULL);
        orig_eax = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
                          child, 4 * ORIG_EAX,
                          NULL);
        printf("The child made a "
               "system call %ldn", orig_eax);
        ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, child, NULL, NULL);
    }
    return 0;
}

The compiler shows the following error:

fatal error: 'linux/user.h' file not found
#include <linux/user.h>

Something need to change because of:

The ‘linux/user.h’ no longer exists
The 64 bits register is R*X, so EAX changed to RAX

There are two solutions to fix this: Continue reading “Notes for playing with ptrace on 64 bits Ubuntu 12.10”

Understand the compile time operator: sizeof

During I read the source code of Redis, I found the following code:

dict *d = zmalloc(sizeof(*d));

After searching a different definition of ‘d’, I realized that the d is the same object defined in the same line. In order to understand what happens, Continue reading “Understand the compile time operator: sizeof”